Ensuring All Stages Pipelining and Accuracy in PASQUAL

Guaranteeing All Stages Pipelining and Accuracy in PASQUAL Nachiket D. More Conceptual GENOME is term utilized for hereditary material of life form. It is utilized to encode DNA of living beings, or RNA of different sorts of infections. Ii contains both coding and non coding portions of DNA/RNA. Presently a day’s GENOME is built for the most part all creatures, infections, and bacteria’s. These information is generally utilized in clinical examination and just as to anticipate infection like malignant growth, HIV and some more. GENOME is comprising of peruses, these peruses are extremely enormous in sum to control and furthermore to store and keeps up. Sequencing machine produce yield of short covering substrings, these substring are called peruses. The succession get together reproduces genome arrangement of these peruses. These genome arrangements are long and ceaseless. Gathering programming for Nest Generation Sequencing (NGS) must be an exceptionally precise, quick and have a less memory utilization. PASQUAL is instrument utilized for quicker work of NGS GENOME get together. For address difficulties of NGS gathering, equal calculation and packed information structure are utilized in PASUQAL. PASQUAL conveys better speed of execution, less memory utilization and better arrangement quality. Watchwords †Parallel calculation, equal postfix cluster development, superior bioinformatics, once more succession gathering, shared memory parallelism, DNA arrangement, genome get together. Presentation The term â€Å"genome† is utilized for speak to/allude as cell guidance set. Likewise it used to allude hereditary material of a cell. A genome comprise of chromosomes, it very well may be at least one individual chromosomes. Chromosomes comprise of deoxyribonucleic corrosive (DNA), and for some infections it comprises of ribonucleic corrosive (RNA). DNA is produced using basic unit called nucleotides (nt). Nucleotides having four sorts in particular A, C, G, and T. In arrangement start and end are meant by 5’ and 3’ separately. Deriving the request for nucleotides from cell and encoding it as a series of letters is known as a DNA sequencing process. This procedure can't peruse entire grouping constantly, so it breaks DNA atoms into little part, which is utilized in substance response as layouts to deliver short sub-arrangements called peruses. Serious issue is a remake the first genome grouping from peruses. For these reason GENOME get together calculations are utilized. A GENOME get together uses many robotized rounds to upgrades, yet it examined and altered by masters. Amassing adds something extra to a long touching succession is called contigs. The genome sequencing is procedure of perusing grouping of base sets (bp). Creature genome comprises of base sets, which is gotten from two abandoned of corresponding bases. This is a primary part to the investigation of genomes in bioinformatics. But Whole †Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequencing machine, no other current sequencing strategy is skilled to peruse entire succession in one pass. Anew get together not utilizes any reference arrangement helps to remaking of unique grouping, in light of these it is utilized in PASQUAL. We need to produce an enormous number of peruses in a modest quantity of time, for these reason we utilized a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) advancements. Because of these it significantly decreases the exploratory expense per base. It assists with contemplating life form at genome level, to profoundly comprehension of organic component and genome guideline. Due to sequencing genome quickly, it causes specialists to concentrate more on advancement of infections and microorganisms. Since, microscopic organisms and infections can embrace conduct all the more effectively likewise produce change effectively at each progression of generation. Cutting edge Sequencings (NGS) Disentangling DNA groupings is fundamental in all parts of organic examination. For these reason researcher utilizes the slim electrophoresis (CE) †based Sanger sequencing, researchers ready to show hereditary data for any organic framework. Due to these it is embraced by many exploration labs. Be that as it may, it has numerous restrictions like all through, versatility, speed and goals to block in researchers research study. To defeat from these issue, these is new innovation is presented in particular as Nest-Generation Sequencing (NGS), that become a purpose behind lift in research territory in bioinformatics and genomic science. NGS is liable for significant change in way of recovering data natural framework, genome and epigenome of species. This gives a significant forward leap in fields like human ailment and farming exploration. The guideline behind NGS is like CE. CE creates little pieces of DNA. These parts are successively recognized from each section, which is re-orchestrated from DNA format. NGS perform comparable work in equal style, which is populace of a huge number of response instead of single or few DSN sections. Because of this NGS produces many gigabases of information in single pass/sequencing run. NGS play out its activity as †a solitary genomic DNA is initially divided into quantities of little fragments, which is otherwise called library of sections. These portions are consistently and precisely sequenced in a great many equal responses. These series of bases are called as peruses. At that point these peruses are reassembled by tow strategy, first is referred to reference genome called as framework (re-sequencing) and second is with no reference genome (all over again sequencing). The yield is set of adjusted peruses speaks to whole arrangement of every chromosome in the gDNA. Fig. Applied Overview of Whole-Genome Sequencing Extricated gDNA. gDNA is divided into a library of little sections that are each sequenced in paralllel. Singular succession peruses are reassembled by adjusting to a reference genome. The Wholeâ€genome succession is gotten from the accord of adjusted peruses. NGS yield is expanded as a rate that outpaces Moor’s law. A solitary leave can deliver behind to one gigabase (Gb) of information, at the hour of creation for example in 2007. At 2011 it comes to up to terabase (Tb) of information in single pass/sequencing run. for example practically 1000ãâ€"increment in four years. As a result of this capacity of NGS, analysts can move from thought to full informational collections in not many hours or days. Utilizing CE innovation sequencing of human genome takes a period around 10 years. Be that as it may, utilizing NGS we can produce five human genomes at a solitary run. So it lessens the expense of genome ventures. In NGS we can tune goals of genome tests. It is conceivable to create pretty much information, additionally it bolster zoom specifically locales of genome with high goals or view with low goals yet it is increasingly far reaching. To do these scientists can tune inclusion created in tests. This capacity gives number of trial configuration points of interest. On account of different points of interest of NGS has saturated in numerous regions of study. Utilizing NGS, analysts can build up a wide scope of utilization that changed examination structures and finding new data at no other time possible. PASQUAL PASQUAL can create huge information in get together procedure as far as memory utilization and running time. PASQUAL represents PArallel SeQUence AssembLer. It utilizes OpenMP for shared memory parallelism, on account of its great working between developer efficiency and execution. PASQUAL utilizes OLC approach and get top notch arrangements with blend of custom fitted calculations. PASQUAL can deal with billions of bases. It utilizes again gathering, in view of it needn't bother with any reference to create unique arrangement. Calculation develops natural successions in equal by postfix cluster, and it is acceptable key for equal execution and memory enhancement. List stage and string diagram development is utilized for discovering covers. Misassembles of genome succession by PASQUAL is altogether not as much as ny different constructing agents. PASQUAL can deal with billion of bases in less time, since it utilizes pipelined arranges and compacted information. It has points of interest over SOAPdenovo and k-mer like SOAPdenovo is just an apparatus having practically identical speed and k-mer is limited to littler length than 128. As opposed to PASQUAL delivers less blunders contrasted with some other apparatus. 4. Writing Survey 4.1 De Novo Genome Sequence Assembly In year 2008 to 2012 these are many sequencing procedures are created, due to these there is significant drop in cast from 1/100000th to 1/100000th of cost. All over again calculation is acquired from the SOAPdenovo2 structure. Once more sequencing includes novel genome; it requires explicit get together of peruses (sequencing peruses). It requires special mix of length, profundity of peruses likewise it requires adaptable matched end embed size. Unpatrolled crude read makes sure and proficient creation and long contig gatherings. Anew sequencing get together is favored for investigation of non-model creatures, since it is less expensive and simpler to build a genome. The reference-put together gathering utilizes mapping with respect to reference genome, on account of these it has failure to represent occurrences of basic change of mRNA transcript. All over again get together gives intends to find new and obscure succession in organic examination. Perusing of entire arrangement without a moment's delay is restricted, all over again strategies are indispensable. It for the most part used to find new and obscure successions, which is significant in biodiversity in world. 4.2 Overlap/Layout/Consensus (OLC) Approach Cover Layout Consensus (OLC) strategy is utilized in again get together. It has a three stages cover, design and agreement separately. In cover stage diagram is built, chart is comprised of essential get together. In design stage this given diagram is compacted. What's more, in the agreement stage upon chart information, genome grouping is resolved. These information is created in past two stapes. Cover:- In the cover stage, every single peruses are contrasted and each other read, and these is act both way forward and turn around supplement directions. It is very tedious technique particularly in set of enormous peruses. Format:- Discovering way in OLC chart in not a simple

Id, Ego and Super-Ego As it relates to “The Lord of the Flies” Essay

Numerous individuals have various sorts of characters. The characters from the story The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, have 3 distinct pieces of character of the cerebrum. As per Freud these are the three sections Id, Ego and the Super-Ego. Freud’s character hypothesis truly appears in The Lord of the Flies. In the story Jack would be depicted as the Id. As indicated by Sigmund Freud, Id is the piece of your character you are brought into the world with that you need to control. These parts of character are altogether oblivious and cause you to have a terrible conduct in the event that you don’t get what you want, need or need. Jack had an issue observing the standards and controlling his conduct about cooperating to get saved with different children. He slaughtered individuals, not thinking about the outcomes. He sensed that he could do anything he needed, Id individuals don’t care about adhering to rules; that’s the exact opposite thing they care about. Then again, Super-inner self is totally different from Id. Individuals who are controlled by Super-Ego adhere to the principles and even make them. They sense what’s good and bad. In The Lord of the Flies the Super-Ego was Piggy. He would pay attention to everything very when it would come time to make arrangements. For instance he stated, â€Å"How would you be able to hope to be protected on the off chance that you don’t put first of all and demonstration proper?† (p 45). It gives us the amount he needs request in the gathering and for everyone to act maturely. Super-Ego additionally works as per social similarity and fittingness. The super-sense of self, its job of good dictator, is something contrary to the Id. The other principle character from the Lord of the Flies was Ralph. He’s the one known as the pioneer. He gave it a second thought, gave grace and furthermore was veryâ intelligent. The character spoke to by Ralph is the Ego. The job of the Ego is to filter through what is genuine and what isn’t. They settle on choices by their musings, theyfollow what sounds good to them and how they relate it to the world we live in. Ralph exhibits good judgment and reality, which is something Ego has. Ralph was reasonable about being saved when everyone was stating that no one would discover them. He likewise needed to have a ton of fun; a case of how the Ego adjusts the Id and Super-Ego is indicated Ralph is making sense of what to do, â€Å"†¦This is the thing that I thought. We need to have a fabulous time. What's more, we need to be rescued.† (p 37). William Golding truly gives us how human instinct could be. He delineates how really dangerous people can be. Golding utilizes characters in The Lord of the Flies, he shows both great and abhorrence through every one of the characters. He perceived how damaging people can be, and how typical individuals change from an edified person into a savage in a snappy second. The closure reveals to us that individuals don’t truly envision what others can do. The military official made a joke that it was unexpected of what’s occurring on the island, â€Å"We saw your smoke. What you been doing? Having a war or something?† (p 201). It’s amusing how the military official said something that was actually what was happening†¦he would have never figured some little children would accomplish something to that effect. The Lord of the Flies is an image of the general public where we live today. It is a novel, which clarifies a portion of the issues like savagery and num erous different things that are going on the planet. It is a lot simpler to agree with insidious however extremely testing to help people and what we know is correct. Society keeps everyone edified and we need rules and standards to live by.The Id, Ego and Super-Ego are the reason we are not quite the same as one another, it clarifies why we think and carry on in an unexpected way. Freud knew all pieces of character must exist together in balance for an individual or a general public to remain sound, live cheerfully and securely.

How Carbon Fiber Tubes Are Made

How Carbon Fiber Tubes Are Made Carbon fiber tubes are perfect for both the specialist and industry proficient. Utilizing the inflexibility of the carbon filaments, a very solid yet lightweight rounded structure can be utilized in a wide scope of uses. Carbon fiber cylinders can supplant steel, yet as a general rule, it is supplanting aluminum. In numerous occasions, a carbon fiber cylinder can gauge 1/third of an aluminum cylinder and still have the equivalent or better quality attributes. Along these lines, carbon fiber strengthened cylinders are regularly found in applications lightweight is vital, similar to aviation, race vehicles, and recreational games. The most well-known carbon fiber rounded profile shapes are squares, square shapes, and roundabout. The rectangular and square profiles are generally alluded to as a case shaft. Carbon fiber box shafts give astounding inflexibility to a structure and mimic two equal I-pillars. Carbon Fiber Tube Applications Any application where weight is urgent, changing to carbon fiber will be useful. Coming up next are probably the most widely recognized employments of carbon fiber tubes: Aviation pillars and sparsFormula 1 basic componentsArrow shaftsBicycle tubesKayak paddles Assembling Carbon Fiber Tubes Empty composite structures can be hard to fabricate. This is on the grounds that constrain should be applied to both in interior and the outer side of the overlay. As a general rule, carbon fiber tubes with a ceaseless profile are produced by either pultrusion or fiber winding. Pultruded tubes are by a wide margin the most financially savvy technique for assembling nonstop composite profiles. While pultruding an empty cylinder, a drifting mandrel is required. A chrome plated steel pole is solidly attached set up on the kick the bucket where the crude material enters. The mounting equipment is far enough away that doesn't meddle with the impregnated fiber as it enters the bite the dust. The space between the mandrel and the kick the bucket will decide the divider thickness of the carbon fiber tube. Pultruding carbon fiber tubes take into account the creation of tubing of for all intents and purposes any length. Transportation of the cylinder is commonly the limitation on length. In pultrusion, the vast majority of the fiber will run the bearing of the cylinder. This makes a cylinder with a gigantic about of solidness, however very little loop quality, or cross-directional quality. Fiber Wound Carbon Fiber Tubes For expanded quality and properties every which way, fiber winding is a powerful technique in assembling carbon fiber tubes. Fiber wound cylinders are financially savvy and have fantastic properties, be that as it may, the biggest impediment depends on the length of the winding machine. Other Manufacturing Processes Pultrusion and fiber winding, in spite of the fact that the most well-known, isn't the best way to produce carbon fiber tubes. Bladder forming, pressure shaping, vacuum mixture, and autoclave handling are largely strategies to produce carbon fiber tubes. Every ha its own preferred position and drawback also.

How to Write Persuasive Essay Topics

How to Write Persuasive Essay TopicsUsing the most effective essay writing tool to come up with the best persuasive essay topics is crucial. The trick lies in what style you use and how you use that style. There are a number of different ways to do this. Some go so far as to divide your topic into an essay on its own right down to the grammar and the structure.When creating persuasive essay topics, keep in mind the rules of grammar, spelling, punctuation and grammar. Since it will be the writer's name that is on the article, be sure to use the appropriate names as well. Avoid misspelling, grammatical errors and long sentences.When using persuasive essay topics, do not resort to using slang terms when writing. These words can confuse people when it comes to understanding what you're trying to say. Instead, look for alternative methods of conveying the same idea.If you're interested in using more humorous or clever phrases for your essay topics, look for writing styles that can help yo u do this. Sentences that can make a reader chuckle or ask questions can be used. Whether your topic is business or entertainment, there is always something humorous to read again.The best persuasive essay topics usually follow an approach that involves engaging the reader with good information, great illustrations and good examples. This is so because it is through communicating the right ideas to your readers that you have achieved your goal. It is also part of writing persuasive essay topics that you should use plenty of metaphors, similes and synonyms.Always put in place some sort of summary for your persuasive essay topics. The important thing is to emphasize the main points and ideas that you want to convey through your writing. To avoid confusion, remember to keep the essay short and to stay away from complex language that is difficult to understand.Writing persuasive essay topics is more than just doing research and spending a lot of time. It takes a skill and finesse in the use of the skills. The right writing can take someone from job application to promotion in their career. By incorporating the methods and tricks above, it will not be long before you achieve this goal.A handful of strategies in writing persuasive essay topics will help you ensure that your essays will be as good as they can be. The truth is that people read things all the time and most of the time, they are able to recognize the same types of things when they are reading your writing. Take the time to improve your craft so that you can become a more polished essay writer.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Building Restoration

Points of interest and Disadvantages of Building Restoration Utilizing models investigate the points of interest and burdens of permitting redevelopment and recreation of notable structures. For the motivations behind this conversation it is fundamentally critical to figure out what is implied by memorable and to legitimize the terms redevelopment and remaking. The terms will be utilized with regards to saving and preserving structures. This incorporates keeping up their prevalent highlights and qualities, while upgrading new highlights with regards to the style and building imperatives identifying with conventional utilization of materials and assets. As per English Heritage structures exist over the UK that range over a thousand years. They additionally work with the Department of Culture, Media and Sport and nearby specialists to distribute structures, for example, these as indicated by their measures for posting †or classifying for the reasons for their notable significance. These are recognized utilizing the accompanying measures: Th ose having structural intrigue: structures which are broadly significant for the enthusiasm of their compositional plan, adornment and craftsmanship; additionally significant instances of specific structure types and procedures. Those esteemed of notable intrigue: this incorporates structures which represent significant parts of the nation’s social, monetary, social or military history. An assortment of spots that have a nearby verifiable relationship with broadly significant structures or occasions. Spots which have bunch esteem, particularly where structures are a piece of a significant building or noteworthy gathering or are a fine case of arranging, (for example, squares, patios and model towns) [1] English Heritage characterize memorable comparable to various variables. All structures built before 1700 are consequently recorded. So also this is the situation with most properties up to 1840. Various post 1945 structures are likewise remembered for these terms. A complete breakdown of recorded structures insights over the UK is represented beneath: 38% are local abodes 15% date from before 1600 almost 20% date from the seventeenth century 31% from the eighteenth century 32% from the nineteenth century 3% from 1900-1944 0.2% from 1945 or later [2] Introducing ordinary highlights can have negative outcomes on properties, for example, those characterized previously. For corrective or household purposes as well as corresponding to actualizing wellbeing measures into a property. furthermore, availability by method of lifts and hand rails and so forth to assist individuals with incapacities. There is additionally a pattern for deciphering properties of recorded enthusiasm into amusement or ‘edutainment’ orientated encounters which can be contended cheapens the notable significance and regularly supports verifiable error from the learning point of view. The last thought to be made according to this paper question is the idea of whether old stru ctures ought to stay safeguarded precisely as they are with no upgrade, enhancements, increments or rebuilding efforts. That they ought to mirror the period they were built in and be deified as a recorded or logical investigation. This paper will try to epitomize a considerable lot of these issues identifying with the redevelopment and remaking of memorable structures which covers a wide contention for conversation. The English Tourist Board distributed a paper in 1991 entitled ‘Maintaining the Balance’ which proposed new plans intended to guarantee that memorable town conditions worked in a state of harmony with their networks while furnishing the guest with a conventional encounter. Guest Management Plans were embraced and Town Center Managers were enrolled as methods for taking these activities forward. The protection and safeguarding of constructed legacy regularly includes keeping up close limitations and constrained arranging openings which isn't helpful for new l odging undertakings or business openings which could create venture and monetary advantages. Rather a significant number of the UK’s grouped noteworthy towns stay stale and non dynamic. [3] Similarly there are right now intends to redesign and reestablish the downtown area of Amsterdam with regards to its social legacy. The downtown area is partitioned by two gatherings of occupants. One appreciates the stylish advantages of living around there, while the second are essentially living midway for the reasons for work and being near conveniences. This subsequent gathering is uninterested with the authentic significance of the city and isn't set up to put resources into keeping up or creating it in that capacity. Frequently when regions, for example, this are under protection arranges significant expenses are brought about for support and redesign in the style familiar with the period. This thus raises the rents of properties which become unreasonably high for existing occupants to manage, in the long run constraining them out of their homes, as is dreaded in Amsterdam. [4]

Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Transportation - Essay Example This paper tries to investigate general aeronautics and its impact on flight preparing as its sub-point (Williams, 2011). Flight preparing utilizes Fits Approach, which centers to change wellbeing. The program underlines on pilot dynamic, flight reproduction, flying aptitudes learned in a cockpit, and self assessment. It utilizes terrible play on words to counter difficulties introduced by the current, assorted condition upsetting figuring out how to fly. Virtual pilot additionally utilizes Fits approach in virtual flying-going about as a scoring framework used to check arrangement of experiences that help sharpen essential flying aptitudes. The center ideas of Fits program involve situational mindfulness, hazard the executives, single administration of asset pilot, and choices of aeronautical nature. This methodology fills in as an extreme objective that diminishes avionics mishaps, and address lasting accidents brought about by pilot mistakes. It helps in estimating certain objectives, missions to fly, address testing circumstances inciting routine flights like changes in climate, traveler weights, an d hardware glitches (Williams, 2011). Current airplanes are tried to constrain the heap, wings and airframes that an airplane conveys. The airframe structure is mounted on a test installation where it flexes for quite a long time. The FAA profile controls stacks in a plane, particularly, during flight. The tests take years since they have divisions of security factor. The FAA likewise has a serious maturing airplane program for investigating the plane. The program is intensive than for more youthful planes. A pilot gets preparing to procure a specific rating regulated by an inspector with power. A pilot experiences certain coming down and checks to pass particular sorts evaluations (Williams, 2011). Online conveyance of preparing extends the avionics business possibilities. It brings architects and flight upkeep specialists from everywhere throughout the world. There are online classes where understudies learn, track their presentation and get ensured. The understudies are various in their

Colonialism and Character Development in Season of Migration to the North - Literature Essay Samples

Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North was first published in 1969, and has come to be regarded as outstanding in its genre. Originally written in Arabic, the book features notable parallels to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, which it is considered by many to be a response to. However, Season of Migration to the North does not seek to define itself by other pieces of literature, but rather by providing unique commentary on the colonial experience in Africa. Written about Sudan by a Sudanese author, it offers extraordinary insight into the world it seeks to describe. To provide this insight, Salih uses the character of Mustafa Sa’eed (henceforth referred to as MS), in conjunction with the unnamed narrator, to demonstrate how colonialism disturbed the balance, albeit imperfect, present in Africa before European involvement, and how he hopes it will come to be restored. The story of MS, who takes center stage as the narrative begins, commences in his childhood years, when he is still a blank slate, or â€Å"tabula rasa†, upon which life and the prejudices of the world have written nothing yet. From a young age, MS displayed none of the personality or charm typical of a child, and interacted with his mother as if they were â€Å"stranger[s] on the road†, brought together by little more than circumstance (Salih 19). This sense of isolation further contributes to the lack of definition in his character, and is an important feature of colonialism, which expertly divides people and sets them apart internally, leaving them incapable of resistance or opposition. Instead, the colonized (and MS) are solitary and â€Å"rounded, [like they were] made of rubber†, so as not to be further damaged by the trauma inflicted upon the world as they knew it (20). MS soon leaves to attend school in Cairo, which he considers an escape from the intelle ctual imprisonment of his home village, and a true â€Å"turning point in [his] life† (21). Essentially, MS rejects his own experiences of Africa, untainted by the reaches of colonization, it seems, in favor of Anglicized unknowns. This desire for aloneness, both physically and culturally, is particularly apparent as MS continues his journey, this time departing from Cairo for England. He finds undeniable peace when â€Å"the blue horizon encircle[s]† his ship and â€Å"the sea swallow[s] up the shore†, leaving him perfectly alone in every way (26). MS â€Å"savour[s] that feeling of being nowhere†¦before and behind [him] either eternity or nothingness† (27). As suggested by Cesaire in his Discourse on Colonialism, the colonial system unintentionally fosters such feelings of discontent and dissatisfaction, as if the way things used to be is no longer good enough. It leaves the colonized with a desire for more—it education, health care, or infrastructure for instance—and then refuses to provide these things. MS finds himself lucky in t hat he is presented with an opportunity to satisfy these desires. However, he finds that his thirsts are never truly quenched. In pursuit of these unnamed, and perhaps indefinable desires, MS becomes something other than himself, as if practicing manipulating his own identity before he irrevocably and detrimentally changes that of others. Rather than presenting an authentic self to those he encounters in England, he invents a persona intended to appeal to the Western desire for the exotic and different. In this way, he indelibly alters the slate of his life, defining himself through the cosmopolitan fantasy of â€Å"Africa† and rejecting the value of the simple life, rooted in truth (although he comes to appreciate its value later in life) in favor of serving as â€Å"a symbol of all of [the Europeans’] hankerings†, a representation of â€Å"tropical climes, cruel suns, [and] purple horizons† (30). However, the assignation of such stereotypical images to MS is little more than a perpetuation of these symbols, albeit one that MS embraces. It turns the reader’s focus towards the sadly still present Western objectification of the concept of â€Å"Africa†, a treatment of it not as an entire continent, full of diverse and unique cultures, but rather as a single entity with the allure of the unknown and different. â€Å"Mustafa the African† is a construct of Western imagination, a conscious manipulation of European expectations strategically employed in order to insinuate himself within English society without challenging its tropes. Salih uses MS’s actions and characterization in England to demonstrate how â€Å"the interaction between the Arab Islamic world and Western European civilization is determined by illusions† (Shaheen 162). MS embodies these â€Å"falsehood[s] and fantas[ies]†, and attracts English women effortlessly with this purp oseful primitiveness (Shaheen 169). To the women MS encounters and becomes involved with, he presents himself as Othello, a character imbued with archaic ideas of race and immense tragedy, but perhaps more importantly, marked connotations of sexual vitality (Salih 38). His choice of Othello, and the fact that he shares this choice as a means of emotional manipulation, ironically foreshadows his own self-inflicted demise. He mimics Othello in life, as both are overwhelmed by lies, and ultimately in death as well. MS’s various relationships with English women are relevant beyond Shakespearean parallels, though. Before his eventual downfall, he attracts many with â€Å"his world†¦of burning sandalwood and incense†, primitive and raw and unapologetically sexual (35). MS makes these relationships into a form of revenge, as â€Å"colonization is embodied in [him] as a germ originated by European violence†¦a thousand years ago†, part of a cycle he believes must complete and balance by inflicting â€Å"violent retaliation† upon these English women (Shaheen 160). He enters into destructive, abusive relationships with them in a strange continuation of colonial history in which the roles are reversed. Instead of allowing himself to be subsumed into his new environment, MS chooses the role of the colonizer, truly acting as a â€Å"black Englishman† by forcing the women with whom he has sexual relationships to conform to his own preferences and choices (Salih 53). He attempts to turn the tables on them, and by extension, British imperialists, by exerting physical and emotional dominance in each relationship. This practice, however, unhealthy it might be, meets with little resistance from the women involved for some time. It is only when Jean Morris comes into his life that he begins to question this life of self-gratification, lived by a person who is less than real. Jean Morris, with whom MS falls in love with â€Å"against [his] will†, subjects him to degradation, much like he had made previous women slaves to his will (156). She challenges his dominance, which had never faced resistance before, and forces him to acknowledge emotion, something â€Å"Mustafa the African† does not do. Experiencing â€Å"ignominy, loneliness, and loss† is not natural for MS, and begins a conflict of identity that marriage to Jean Morris only exacerbates (159). He finds himself in her, and it follows, his own ruination in her too. The identity MS has created cannot withstand tests to his sense of dominance, and so Jean Morris is made subservient with â€Å"the blade-edge†¦of [a] dagger† (164). This moment is a turning point for MS, as his constructed self is shattered by this senseless violence. He realizes that he has become entrenched in â€Å"darkness†¦thick, deep and basic†, and struggles to escape the evil that he willingly embraced in the past (Salih 93). In an attempt to create a more sustainable life, or one of value, he leaves Europe in favor of the simplicity of â€Å"settl[ing] in [a] village† (9). However, he cannot undo the violence he perpetuated, nor lose the knowledge associated with his experiences. The MS that his contemporaries know â€Å"does not exist. He’s â€Å"an illusion, a lie† and desperately desires â€Å"that the lie be killed† (32). However, in acting out the European fantasy of an evil, bewitching Africa, he internalizes the evil he pretends until, in a sense, he is no longer pretending. Despite his efforts to become part of the Sudanese community in which he lives—he â€Å"bought†¦a farm, built a house, and married† a local woman—MS cannot reconcile the two halves of himself, so to speak (2). The only way for him to purge this falsehood he has cultivated within himself, and cope with the knowledge of colonialism that he possesses, is death, and he seems to embrace it with relief, as â€Å"the forces lying in the river-bed† claim him (167). True reconciliation of these two aspects of the colonial world—that of the colonizer and the colonized—comes in the form of the narrator, who is a part of both without artifice. While he spent â€Å"years†¦studying in Europe†, his return to Sudan comes with the knowledge that he was coming back to â€Å"[his] people†, and a sense of longing for â€Å"that small village at the bend of the Nile† (1). It is clear that he cherishes this village life, but at the same time appreciates his position as â€Å"the outstanding young man in the village†, exalted because he has been educated abroad (8). A great deal of his narrative has an external focus, as MS’s story takes center stage. However, as the tale progresses, the narrator’s sense of right and wrong is challenged, as Bint Mahmoud is forced into societally-condoned rape, and kills herself (and her rapist) because of it. It is this horrific, and yet utterly preventable event th at causes the narrator to realize that he cannot continue to walk the fine line between worlds that he has previously trod. He cannot remain â€Å"half-way between north and south†, but must truly invest himself in one, bringing the other within himself, an inextricable part of his identity. This sense of purpose as the novel concludes contributes to the story’s identity as a response to the vestiges of colonialism still remaining in the Africa experienced by the author. Salih’s use of the narrator as a member of each world allows him to comment on both. In this way, he provides a sense of balance in the narrative. While both European and African cultures may have problems, the solutions to these problems must come from within. African nations have no need for a civilizer, let alone one who â€Å"becomes a colonizer, and a savage one† at that (Shaheen 163). It is Salih’s hope, and that of his narrator, that colonized nations will one day be able to speak â€Å"[their colonizers’] language without a sense of guilt or a sense of gratitude†, and perpetuate only â€Å"lies of [their] own making (Salih 49-50).